Supreme Court of South Carolina (Old United States Post Office) Significant in the area of communications, the Supreme Court of South Carolina Building served as main postal unit in Columbia from September 1921 to June 1966, when operations were moved to a new building. Acquired by the State of South Carolina for use as the Supreme Court of South Carolina Building, it is a significant example of preservation through adaptive reuse. Adaptation of the building was admirably achieved by architects Gill and Wilkins of Florence and interior designer Andrew V. Kerns of Columbia. Its location on the block adjacent to the State House enhances the complex of governmental buildings that includes and surrounds the South Carolina State House. Foundations for the Neo-Classical style building were laid in 1917. With the start of World War I, materials allotted for the post office were reallocated for building Camp Jackson (now Fort Jackson). Construction, resumed after the war, was completed September 30, 1921. Listed in the National Register October 18, 1972. - Bill Fitzpatrick's Photographs of The Magnificent Historic Register Landmarks of South Carolina

"South Carolina's Magnificent Historic Register Landmarks" Amazon eBooks

Caption Source: The National Register of Historic Places Inventory Nomination Form; South Carolina Department of Archives and History

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Siloam School

Built ca. 1936 as a rural African American school, Siloam School is significant as a property associated with the general development of South Carolina public education for African Americans from ca. 1895 to 1954. It is an example of the type of rural school building approved by the State Board of Education in the early- to mid-twentieth century built to provide “separate but equal” facilities for white and black schoolchildren. It is a one-story, two-room building standing on brick piers and clad in shiplap weatherboard. The gable end building has a metal roof and has two interior brick flues. It has a recessed porch supported by square wooden posts. The school has a small one-story addition on the southern elevation. The school was built on land owned by John P. Prince, who sold the one-acre lot to Richland County School District 7 in 1920. The present building, constructed with funds from the Works Progress Administration (WPA), was built to replace a previous school nearby called Beulah School. It operated as a school until 1956, when it closed and was acquired by Siloam Baptist Church, which now maintains it. Listed in the National Register April 15, 1996.

South Carolina State Armory

The South Carolina State Armory is significant in the development of the National Guard in South Carolina. The Armory also exemplifies a new architectural style that arose with the federalization of the National Guard. South Carolina’s armory was one of the first armories to break away from the medieval crenellated model and provided a new solution which embodied the new spirit and attitudes of the National Guard. Built in 1905 according to plans by the Columbia architectural firm, Edwards & Walter, the Armory served as headquarters for the 118th Infantry and medical detachment. The building also housed the 263rd Coast Artillery. The building was used from the time of its construction until 1964 when the South Carolina National Guard moved into a new building. It is a three-story brick commercial block style building with a main façade divided into three vertical bays. The façade is made of red brick in a seven-to-one American bond pattern variation which features on every eight row alternating headers and stretchers. The remaining three facades are of red brick in a running bond pattern. Listed in the National Register February 5, 1999.

South Carolina State Hospital Mills Building

(South Carolina Lunatic Asylum) Designed by native South Carolina architect Robert Mills, the ca. 1827 South Carolina State Hospital Mills Building is considered to be an example of Mills at his best, distinctive in its boldness of conception, its inventive quality, its simplicity and power. It is a structure of national importance in the architectural development of America. It is also the oldest structure in the United States continuously used as a mental hospital. Early additions to the Classical Revival style building (in 1838 and 1842) are associated with Samuel Sloan, another architect of national reputation. The fact that the talents of both men are preserved in one building is unique. Mills was a great exponent of the classic tradition, particularly the Greek Revival, while Sloan was more eclectic. Sloan exhibited his talents in the State Hospital Mills Building in such a way that the structure appears to be the work of one man. Mills’s architecture is characterized by his capable and unerring, but sometimes unorthodox, treatment of classic motifs. His use of the high basement and porticos, supported by arcades, his great interest in fire-resistant construction, and his frequent use of round-headed single windows and of flat-headed triple windows are exemplified in the State Hospital. The hospital was among the first authorized, and the third completed, mental hospitals in America built with public funds. The State Hospital design reflects reforms that were far ahead of its day. Fireproofing of the building was also uncommon and an area in which Mills was a leader. The State Hospital continues an existence of beauty and usefulness; an enduring monument to the dedication of the founders and to the master architect, Robert Mills. Listed in the National Register June 5, 1970; Designated a National Historic Landmark November 7, 1973.

South Carolina Memorial Garden

The South Carolina Memorial Garden, established in 1944 - 45 by the Garden Club of South Carolina, Inc., is historically significant for its landscape architecture, as a design of and for its association with Loutrel W. Briggs (1893-1977), one of the leading twentieth-century American landscape architects. Briggs is credited with establishing the nationally-recognized “Charleston Garden” as a garden type during his time in South Carolina’s port city from 1929 until 1977. The Memorial Garden is representative of Briggs’s influential designs, with its imaginative use of limited space by utilizing a variety of ornamental plants and complimentary design elements such as a gate house and tool house, walls, gates, walks, terraces, a fountain, sculpture, and garden furniture. Its plan and characteristics are similar to many of Briggs’s residential city gardens in Charleston and elsewhere, but this garden is distinctive among his designs as being designed for the Garden Club of South Carolina as a public space rather than a private one. It was envisioned by the club as the first memorial garden sponsored by a state garden club in the United States that recognized veterans of World War II for their military service. Listed in the National Register April 2, 2012.

Supreme Court of South Carolina

(Old United States Post Office) Significant in the area of communications, the Supreme Court of South Carolina Building served as main postal unit in Columbia from September 1921 to June 1966, when operations were moved to a new building. Acquired by the State of South Carolina for use as the Supreme Court of South Carolina Building, it is a significant example of preservation through adaptive reuse. Adaptation of the building was admirably achieved by architects Gill and Wilkins of Florence and interior designer Andrew V. Kerns of Columbia. Its location on the block adjacent to the State House enhances the complex of governmental buildings that includes and surrounds the South Carolina State House. Foundations for the Neo-Classical style building were laid in 1917. With the start of World War I, materials allotted for the post office were reallocated for building Camp Jackson (now Fort Jackson). Construction, resumed after the war, was completed September 30, 1921. Listed in the National Register October 18, 1972.

South Carolina's Governor Mansion

Militarily, educationally, and politically significant, the South Carolina Governor’s Mansion has played an integral part in the state’s history since its construction in 1855. The white stucco building with a flat roofline and low parapet was originally built as the officer’s quarters for Arsenal Academy, one of two South Carolina military schools. The academy was forced to close because of the Civil War. The mansion was the only main building of the Arsenal Academy complex to survive when most of the city of Columbia burned down in 1865. In 1868, the spacious house was designated the executive mansion of South Carolina. Most all South Carolina governors since 1868 have resided in the mansion with the exception of two that occupied their own homes within the city of Columbia. A number of national dignitaries, including President Franklin D. Roosevelt, have been guests at the mansion. The mansion’s simple architectural style possesses great integrity and the extensive gardens are fine examples of landscape architecture. Much of the landscaping improvement and the addition of the walled, brick-paved courtyard was done during the term of Governor Donald Russell (1963-65). Listed in the National Register June 5, 1970.

South Carolina Statehouse

An example of Neo-Classical architecture, the South Carolina Statehouse is a three-story, domed edifice of granite, marble, brick and iron. Vienna-born architect John Niernsee began the structure in 1851, but the Civil War and post-war poverty slowed progress on the building. For unknown reasons, the building was spared in General W. T. Sherman’s 1865 burning of Columbia, though the structure did suffer damage from shelling and burning of the nearby old statehouse. Following the Civil War, between 1869 and 1874, the only state legislature in American history with an African American majority sat here. In 1876, the Democrats, lead by Wade Hampton conducted the “Red Shirt” campaign against Daniel H. Chamberlain and the Republicans. Both sides claimed victory and two speakers and two Houses began conducting deliberations in the same hall. On April 10, 1877, fulfilling part of the compromise that had allowed his inauguration, President Rutherford B. Hayes withdrew Federal troops. The following day Hampton and his supporters assumed full control of state government. From 1888 to 1891, Niernsee’s son, Frank McHenry Niernsee, served as architect and much of the interior work was completed. In 1900 Frank Milburn served briefly as architect, but was replaced in 1905 by Charles Coker Wilson who finally finished the exterior in 1907. Listed in the National Register June 5, 1970; Designated a National Historic Landmark May 11, 1976.

Sidney Park Christian Methodist Episcopal Church

Sidney Park Christian Methodist Episcopal Church (formerly Sidney Park Colored Methodist Episcopal Church) was established in 1886. It is an important part of the African American experience in Columbia as well as an example of late Gothic Revival church architecture. The founding members of the church were originally members of Bethel African Methodist Episcopal Church. When a disagreement occurred within Bethel A.M.E in the 1880s, six hundred members left to form Sidney Park. They began holding services at Stenhouse Hall, now known as Oliver Gospel Mission. In November of 1886, the group incorporated as the Colored Methodist Episcopal Church denomination and began looking for a new place of worship. With free labor and materials provided by the congregation, a wood frame church was completed in 1889 at the corner of Assembly and Blanding Streets. This building burnt ca. 1890-1892. The present church, of the same design, was built in 1893 of brick construction. Sidney Park has the only set of octagonal towers in Columbia. The tower to the east is topped by an octagonal steeple; the tower to the west has an octagonal steeple with has a circular cap covering and accentuating its point. These and other Gothic influences such as the lancet windows and pointed arches throughout, the wall buttresses, and the heavy timber truss system found in the sanctuary, help illustrate the building’s architectural significance. The congregation has a long history of involvement with civil rights activity and connection with the NAACP, whose current offices are housed in the former parsonage of the church. Listed in the National Register October 24, 1996.

Taylor House

(Columbia Museum of Art) The Taylor House, Columbia’s only remaining turn-of-the-20th century mansion, is associated with the Taylor family whose plantation was selected as the site of the new state capital in the 1790s. In 1908, Thomas Taylor, Jr. hired the Boston architectural firm of Andrews, Jaques and Rantoul to design the Neo-Classical style house. Taylor played a prominent role in the development of early twentieth century Columbia, serving as president of Taylor Manufacturing Company, vice president and secretary of Carolina Glass Company, and the second vice president of Palmetto National Bank and Trust Company. Andrews, Jaques and Rantoul were known for their additions to the Massachusetts State House, the County Courthouse at Worcester, Massachusetts, and the Connecticut School for the Blind at Hartford, Connecticut. In 1950, the Columbia Museum of Art converted the house for use as a museum, altering and enlarging the building by adding three wings. The original portion of the house is a large two-story brick residence with a full basement and attic. All brick is executed in Flemish bond. L-shaped in plan, it features a projecting portico supported by large fluted Corinthian columns of limestone. Originally, the site included a grass terrace, stables, and stable yard. The stables are joined to the main house by the Science Museum wing. Listed in the National Register July 6, 1982.

Supreme Court of South Carolina

(Old United States Post Office) Significant in the area of communications, the Supreme Court of South Carolina Building served as main postal unit in Columbia from September 1921 to June 1966, when operations were moved to a new building. Acquired by the State of South Carolina for use as the Supreme Court of South Carolina Building, it is a significant example of preservation through adaptive reuse. Adaptation of the building was admirably achieved by architects Gill and Wilkins of Florence and interior designer Andrew V. Kerns of Columbia. Its location on the block adjacent to the State House enhances the complex of governmental buildings that includes and surrounds the South Carolina State House. Foundations for the Neo-Classical style building were laid in 1917. With the start of World War I, materials allotted for the post office were reallocated for building Camp Jackson (now Fort Jackson). Construction, resumed after the war, was completed September 30, 1921. Listed in the National Register October 18, 1972.

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